Method and an apparatus for automatic change of the reel of extensible film in wrapping machines for the packaging of palletized loads

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and a method for automatic change of the reel of extensible film in wrapping machines for the packaging of palletized loads consist in: 
         expelling the reel ( 5 ) that has run out or is defective from the spindle ( 9 ) for carrying the reel ( 5 ) of the wrapping film, said spindle forming part of an assembly. (B) provided also with means ( 2 ) for retention of the free end of the film of a reel; the assembly (B) being supported by a fixed or rotating supporting structure (C), which is mobile vertically for moving said assembly (B) between a raised wrapping position and a lowered position of change of the reel ( 5 ) that has run out or is defective;    positioning a service carriage (A) for carrying a new reel ( 1 ), said carriage being provided with means ( 3 ) for temporary support of the free end of the film of the new reel ( 1 ), in a position corresponding to the assembly (B) supported by the fixed or rotating supporting structure (C) in such a way that the spindle of the new reel ( 1 ) is in vertical correspondence with the spindle ( 9 ) of the reel that has run out or is defective, and the means ( 3 ) for temporary support of the free end of the film of the new reel ( 1 ) are also in vertical correspondence with said retention means ( 2 );    lowering the fixed or rotating supporting structure (C) on the carriage (A) until it causes the spindle ( 9 ) of the reel that has run out to engage with the new reel ( 1 ) and the retention means ( 2 ) to engage with the means for temporary support ( 3 ); transferring the new reel ( 1 ) onto the spindle ( 9 ) of the reel previously expelled and transferring the free end of the film of the new reel from said means for temporary support ( 3 ) to said retention means ( 2 ); raising the fixed or rotating supporting structure (C) into the wrapping position; and moving the carriage (A) carrying the new reel away from the position of reel change to a position of parking.

The subject of the invention is a method and an apparatus for automaticchange of the reel of extensible film in wrapping machines for thepackaging of palletized loads.

In wrapping machines for the packaging of palletized loads, when thereel of film runs out or presents defects it must be replaced.

An operation of this kind, if carried out manually by an operator, cantake up quite a lot of time, during which the machine remains stationaryand inoperative, with consequent lengthening in the correspondingproduction cycle.

The main purpose of the invention is to propose an apparatus forautomatic change of the reel that has run out or presents defects; inthis way the dead times due to reel change can certainly be limited tothe minimum indispensable, and the use of an operator is not requiredthroughout the step of reel change but only for the operations ofloading of the reels on the service carriage, which can be carried outat any moment, without the automatic cycle being interrupted.

For these and other purposes that will emerge more clearly from whatfollows, the invention proposes providing an apparatus according toClaim 1 and a method according to Claim 17 for automatic change of thereel of extensible film in wrapping machines for the packaging ofpalletized loads.

The method and the equipment according to the invention will now bedescribed with reference to the attached plate of drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 a illustrate a detail of the apparatus according tothe invention in a front view and a plan view, respectively;

FIG. 2 illustrates a second detail of the apparatus according to theinvention in a front view;

FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged detail of FIG. 2 in two differentoperating steps;

FIG. 4 illustrates a number of details of FIG. 2 further enlarged;

FIGS. 5-12 illustrate the apparatus according to the invention in allthe various operating steps;

FIG. 13 is the schematic plan view of a first operating mode of theapparatus defined as linear mode;

FIGS. 14 and 15 are plan views in two different operating steps of adetail of the apparatus provided in a second operating mode defined ascarousel mode;

FIG. 16 is the front view of the detail of the apparatus of FIGS. 14 and15.

When, in an automatic wrapping machine during the operation of wrappingof the pallet P (FIG. 12), the reel of film 1 (FIG. 11) runs out orpresents defects, it must be replaced.

To carry out automatic reel change a service carriage A is necessary,which will bring the reel 1 into a position for being replaced.

On the service carriage A (FIG. 1), which can slide on linear guides,there is fixed a set of sleeves each having a longitudinal groove 2, thetelescopic spindle 10 for housing the new reel 1, the fixed spindle 6for unloading the reel that has run out or is defective 5 (FIGS. 6-7),the spring clamp 4 for fixing the trailing end of the film 1.1, and thefilm-pusher plate 7, which can slide on linear guides and is providedwith holes each having a projecting tab, inserted in the set of groovedsleeves 2.

On the service carriage A, in the parking position A.0 (FIG. 5), theoperator has previously inserted the new reel 1 in the telescopicspindle 10, unwinding approximately two meters of film and inserting itbetween the set of sleeves 2, each provided with a vertical groove andarranged exactly in a position corresponding to the set of rollers 3(FIG. 2) of the reel-carrier assembly B fixed to the rotating ring C ofthe wrapping machine, said rotating ring being supported by the frame D.The trailing end of the film 1.1 is restrained in the spring clamp 4.

When the signal indicating that the film has run out or is defective isissued, the fixed or rotating supporting structure C of the wrappingmachine comes to a halt in the position of reel change B.0 (FIG. 5),whilst the sliding frame D stops the reel-carrier assembly B at thepre-set height B.1 (FIG. 6) to enable transit of the service carriage A.

At the same time, the service carriage A starts, being actuated, forexample, by a pneumatic cylinder 23 or other system, and comes to a haltin a position of expulsion of the reel that has run out or is defectiveA.1 (FIG. 7).

The sliding frame D drops down into a position for expulsion of the reelthat has run out or is defective B.2 (FIG. 7).

The core of the reel that has run out or is defective 5 is released andexpelled, being inserted in the spindle 6 provided, which is in perfectalignment with the pick-up spindle 9.

Release of the core of the reel that has run out or is defective 5occurs with closing of the jaws with supporting lug 11 (FIG. 4) of theengagement assembly 8, which are actuated by the puller/pusher 20 bymeans of the lever 12 positioned by the cam 13, which is controlled, forexample, by a pneumatic cylinder 14 or other system, which is fixed tothe sliding frame D. Should the reel that has run out or is defective 5,which normally falls by gravity, remain jammed in the centering cone 19,it would be expelled by the pushers 18, which are hinged on levers 18.1and are actuated by collars 18.2 fixed on the puller 20, which is heldin position by a ring 21, which is in turn anchored to the puller 20 andis blocked by the rollers 21.1 that are fixed to the anchoring hub 21.2of the pick-up spindle 9 (said positions referring to FIG. 4).

After release of the reel that has run out or is defective 5, thesliding frame D of the fixed or rotating supporting structure C israised, positioning the assembly for carrying a reel B at the height ofstart of rotation B.1 (FIG. 11) to enable translation of the servicecarriage A.

The rotation mentioned above refers to the reel-carrier assembly forautomatic wrapping machines with the pallet stationary, or else to theturning platform in the case of the pallet rotating.

The position of expulsion can be eliminated by unloading the reel thathas run out or is defective 5 directly into a collection box prior toparking of the service carriage A in the position of picking-up of a newreel A.2.

The service carriage A shifts into a position for picking up the newreel A.2 (FIG. 8), being actuated, for example, by a cylinder 24 orother system, whilst the fixed or rotating supporting structure Cremains stationary together with the reel-carrier assembly B.

The sliding frame D drops, lowering the reel-carrier assembly B to thepicking-up height B.2 (FIG. 9). The roller assembly 3 is inserted in theassembly of grooved sleeves 2, and the pick-up spindle 9 slides into thecore 5 bis of the new reel 1, pushing the telescopic spindle 10 fixed onthe service carriage A downwards.

The perforated plate 7, provided with projecting tabs that insert intothe grooves of the sleeves 2, is raised, being actuated, for example, bya pneumatic cylinder 15 or other system, so pushing the film beyond theset of sleeves 2. The film thus remains inserted between the set ofrollers 3 of the reel-carrier assembly B (FIG. 10).

The gripper 25 (see FIGS. 4-9) drops. Said gripper is formed by a fixedjaw 26 and a mobile jaw 27, the latter being actuated, for example, by apneumatic cylinder 28 or other system. Descent of the gripper 25 occursby means of a linear guide 29, and is actuated, for example, by apneumatic cylinder 30 or other system, which positions the gripper 25 inthe gripping position B.0 bis (FIG. 9) of the trailing end of the film1.1, fixed in the spring clamp 4 set on the service carriage A.

At the same time as the plate 7 is raised, there are carried out aseries of manoeuvres, as described in what follows.

The engagement device 8 (FIGS. 4 to 10) of the pick-up spindle 9 isactuated so that it opens the jaws with lugs 11 with the aid of shackles11.1, which are controlled by the puller/pusher 20 by means of the lever12, positioned by the cam 13, which is controlled, for example, by apneumatic cylinder 14 or other system.

The mobile jaw 27 of the gripper 25 closes, being actuated, for example,by a pneumatic cylinder 28 or other system, so blocking the trailing endof the film 1.1, which is fixed in the spring clamp 4 set on the servicecarriage A.

The pick-up spindle 9 is moreover provided with an anti-wrapping brakewith adjustable torque 17 and a top centring cone with compensationsprings 19 so as to adapt to possible minor variations in length of thecore 5 bis of the new reel 1.

The gripper 25 goes back up by means of the linear guide 29, beingactuated, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder 30 or by some othersystem, and moves into the “WRAPPING” position B.1 bis (FIG. 12),sliding the trailing end of the film 1.1 out of the spring clamp 4 seton the service carriage A.

After raising of the plate 7, set on the service carriage A, and of thegripper 25, fixed to the frame D, the reverse rotation of the motor M(FIGS. 10 and 11) of the pre-stretching assembly set on the reel-carrierassembly B is actuated to obtain an optimal tensioning of the trailingend of the film 1.1 about the set of rollers 3 of the reel-carrierassembly B. The reverse rotation is necessary since, during transfer ofthe trailing end of the film 1.1 from the set of sleeves 2 set on theservice carriage A to the set of rollers 3 set on the reel-carrierassembly B, obtained by raising the plate 7 set on the service carriageA, there is a slackening of the trailing end of the film 1.1 due to thedifference in the diameters (larger sleeves 2−smaller rollers 3), whichcould cause the trailing end of the film 1.1 to slide out of the set ofrollers 3, during subsequent raising of the reel-carrier assembly B.

The sliding frame D of the fixed or rotating supporting structure C israised, positioning the reel-carrier assembly B at the height of startof rotation B.1 (FIG. 11) of the reel-carrier assembly or else of thepallet.

The service carriage A, actuated, for example, by the cylinders 23 and24 or by some other system, returns to the parking position A.0.

In the case of the pallet being stationary, the fixed or rotatingsupporting structure C is set in motion with the sliding frame Dstationary, drawing along the reel-carrier assembly B, which rotatesabout the pallet P (FIG. 12). In the case of the pallet rotating, thefixed or rotating supporting structure C and the sliding frame D remainstationary while the pallet starts its rotation. After performing arotation of approximately 1.5 turns (450°), the film with the webcompletely distended 1.2 overlaps the trailing end 1.1 fixed in thegripper 25.

The gripper 25 opens the mobile jaw 27, abandoning the trailing end 1.1,which is folded on the wind that has just been made, while the wrappingcycle is completed.

The service carriages A may also number more than one.

The movement of the service carriage to bring it into the position ofexpulsion A.1 and into the position of picking up A.2 is obtained withtwo systems:

-   -   Linear system E: suitable for one or two service carriages A        (FIG. 13);    -   Carousel system F: suitable for three or more service carriages        A (FIGS. 14, 15 and 16).

The linear system E (FIG. 13) consists of a conveyor with two linearguides 22, on which the service carriage A slides, being actuated, forexample, by two combined pneumatic cylinders 23 and 24 (FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7and 8), or some other system, of which one, 23, fixed to the carriage,brings the service carriage A into the position of expulsion of the reelthat has run out or is defective A.1, whilst the other, 24, fixed to theconveyor, sets the carriage A in the position for picking up the newreel A.2.

On the linear conveyor 22 there can slide two carriages, which park atthe two ends thereof and alternately set themselves in a position ofexpulsion A.1 and a position of picking up A.2.

The carousel system F (FIGS. 14, 15 and 16) consists of a turntable 31,which can rotate through 360°, on which there are fixed three or moreservice carriages A. Rotation through 360° is obtained, for example,with a self-plugging motor reducer 31 bis or some other system.

The turntable 31 is mounted on the carriage 32, which can slide onlinear guides, being actuated, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder 33or other system.

The reel that has run out or is defective 5 is expelled into a slidingbox 34, actuated, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder 35 or othersystem, which, after gathering the reel that has run out 5, returns intothe parking position A.3 (FIG. 15).

The carriage 32 performs the translation forwards, bringing the servicecarriage A, fixed on the turntable 31, into the position for picking upa new reel A.2 (FIG. 15).

After the reel-carrier assembly B has positioned itself at the height ofstart of rotation B.1 (FIG. 11), the carriage 32 performs thetranslation backwards, bringing the service carriage A back into theparking position A.0.

The wrapping cycle resumes and is completed, as described above.

The turntable 31 performs a fraction of rotation, the angle of whichvaries according to the number of service carriages A fixed on theturntable 31 (120° for 3 carriages-90° for 4 carriages-72° for 5carriages-60° for 6 carriages).

Once rotation is completed, the subsequent carriage A is in the parkingposition A.0, ready for the next reel change, while the operator sees torestarting the carriage that has already performed the reel change.

1.) An apparatus for automatic change of the reel of extensible film inwrapping machines for packaging palletized loads, with the palletstationary or the pallet rotating, said apparatus comprising: a fixed orrotating supporting structure (C) for wrapping the film (1) around apallet (P), provided with an assembly (B) for carrying a reel (5) of thewrapping film and with means (2) for retention of the free end of thefilm of a reel; the fixed or rotating structure, constrained to thesliding frame (D), being mobile vertically for moving said assembly (B)between a raised wrapping position and a lowered position of change ofthe reel (5) that has run out or is defective; a service carriage (A)for carrying a new reel (1), provided with means (3) of temporarysupport of the free end of the film of the new reel (1), which isdesigned to co-operate with said retention means (2); the carriage beingmobile between two end positions respectively of parking and of changeof the reel that has run out or is defective; means of release and ofexpulsion of the reel that has run out or is defective (5) from thefixed or rotating supporting structure (C); means for positioning of thecarriage for carrying a new reel into a position corresponding to theassembly that carries the reel that has run out or is defective; means(22, 23) for causing the assembly (B) of the wrapping reel to performsaid vertical translation up to said position of reel change, in whichit is in a position corresponding to the carriage (A) for carrying a newreel in order to cause the respective spindles (5, 5 bis) for carrying areel to co-operate with the respective means for temporary support (3)and retention (2) of the end of the film; means for picking up the newreel (1) from the carriage (A) on which it is located and for constraintwith the assembly (B) carried by the wrapping ring (C); means fortransfer of the free end of the film of the new reel from said means oftemporary support (2) to said retention means (3); means for bringingback the fixed or rotating supporting structure (C) into the wrappingposition; and means for moving the carriage (A) away to bring a new reelfrom the position of reel change. 2.) The apparatus according to claim1, wherein the carriage (A) for carrying a new reel is able to slide onlinear guides (22), on which there are fixed: a) a telescopic spindle(10) for housing the new reel (1); and b) said means of temporarysupport (2) consisting of: b1) a set of vertical sleeves (2) withlongitudinal grooves; b2) a spring clamp (4) for fixing the trailing endof the film (1.1); and b3) a film-pusher plate (7), which can slide onlinear guides and is provided with holes each having a projecting tab,inserted in the set of grooved sleeves (2). 3.) The apparatus accordingto claim 2, wherein the carriage (A) for carrying a new reel alsoenvisages a fixed spindle (6) for unloading the reel that has run out oris defective (5). 4.) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thecarriage (A) for carrying a new reel is moved between the position ofparking and that of reel change by a pneumatic cylinder (23). 5.) Theapparatus according to claim 3, wherein release and expulsion of thereel that has run out or is defective (5) occurs by inserting it in saidspindle (6) when this is in vertical alignment with the spindle (9) forpicking up the new reel; the release of the reel that has run out or isdefective (5) occurring via closing of jaws with supporting lugs (11) ofan engagement assembly (8), actuated by a puller/pusher (20) by means ofa lever (12), positioned through a cam (13), which is in turn controlledby a pneumatic means (14) fixed to a sliding frame (D) for supportingthe fixed or rotating supporting structure (C). 6.) The apparatusaccording to claim 5, wherein there are moreover provided pushers (18),hinged on levers (18.1) actuated by collars (18.2) fixed on the puller(20); the latter being held in position by a ring (21) anchored to thepuller (20), which is blocked by the rollers (21.1) which are fixed toan anchoring hub (21.2) of the pick-up spindle (9). 7.) The apparatusaccording to claim 5, wherein the means of temporary support (3), whichconsist of a roller assembly, are designed to be inserted in theretention means (2), which consist of an assembly of grooved sleeves,and the pick-up spindle (9) is designed to fit into the core (5 bis) ofthe new reel (1), pushing the telescopic spindle (10) fixed on thecarriage (A) downwards. 8.) The apparatus according to claim 7, whereinthe film-pusher plate (7) is provided with projecting tabs that insertinto the grooves of the sleeves (2); said plate being raisable forpushing the film beyond the set of sleeves (2) and inserting it betweenthe set of rollers (3) of the wrapping reel-carrier assembly (B). 9.)The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the pick-up spindle (9) ismoreover provided with an anti-wrapping brake with adjustable torque(17), and with a top centring cone having compensation springs (19) toadapt to possible minor variations in length of the core (5 bis) of thenew reel (1). 10.) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thecarriage (A) for carrying a new reel slides on a conveyor equipped withtwo linear guides (22), actuated by pneumatic cylinders (23, 24). 11.)The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the pneumatic cylinders aretwo combined ones (23, 24), of which one (23), which is fixed to thecarriage, carries the carriage into a position of expulsion of the reelthat has run out or is defective, whilst the other (24), which is fixedto the conveyor, sets the carriage in a position for picking up of thenew reel. 12.) The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein on thelinear conveyor (22) there slide two carriages, which park at the twoends thereof, and alternately set themselves in a position of expulsionand a position of picking up. 13.) The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the assembly (A) for carrying a new reel consists of a carouselsystem (F) obtained with a turntable (31) that can rotate through 360°,on which there are fixed three or more carriages; the rotation through360° being obtained with a self-plugging motor reducer (31 bis) orsimilar system. 14.) The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein theturntable (31) is mounted on a carriage (32), which can slide on linearguides and is actuated by a pneumatic cylinder (33) or similar system.15.) The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the carriage (32) canbe translated forwards to bring the carriage (A), fixed on the turntable(31), into the position of picking up of the new reel and can betranslated backwards, bringing the carriage (A) back into the parkingposition after the wrapping reel-carrier assembly (B) has positioneditself at the height of start of rotation. 16.) The apparatus accordingto claim 15, wherein the turntable (31) performs a fraction of rotation,the angle of which varies according to the number of the carriages (A)fixed on the turntable itself. 17.) A method for automatic change of thereel of extensible film in wrapping machines for packaging of palletizedloads, the method comprising the following steps performed insuccession: expulsion of the reel (5) that has run out or is defectivefrom the spindle (9) for carrying a reel (5) of the wrapping filmforming part of an assembly (B), which is also provided with means (2)for retention of the free end of the film of a reel; the assembly (B)being supported by a fixed or rotating supporting structure (C), whichis mobile vertically for moving said assembly (B) between a raisedwrapping position and a lowered position of change of the reel (5) thathas run out or is defective; positioning of a service carriage (A) forcarrying a new reel (1), provided with means (3) of temporary support ofthe free end of the film of the new reel (1), in a positioncorresponding to the assembly (B) supported by the fixed or rotatingsupporting structure (C) in such a way that the spindle of the new reel(1) is in vertical correspondence with the spindle (9) of the reel thathas run out or is defective, and the means (3) of temporary support ofthe free end of the film of the new reel (1) are also in verticalcorrespondence with said retention means (2); lowering of the fixed orrotating supporting structure (C) on the carriage (A) until it causesthe spindle (9) of the reel that has run out to engage with the new reel(1) and the retention means (2) to engage with the means of temporarysupport (3); transfer of the new reel (1) on the spindle (9) of the reelpreviously expelled and transfer of the free end of the film of the newreel from said means of temporary support (2) to said retention means(3); raising of the fixed or rotating supporting structure (C) in thewrapping position; and moving of the carriage (A) for carrying a newreel away from the position of reel change to a position of parking.18.) The method according to claim 17, wherein the expulsion of the reel(5) that has run out or is defective from the spindle (9) for carrying areel (5) of the wrapping film occurs by positioning the carriage (A) forbringing a new reel into a position corresponding to the fixed orrotating structure (C) in such a way that a fixed spindle (6) of saidcarriage (A) is in vertical correspondence with the spindle (9) forcarrying a reel that has run out; there moreover being envisaged insuccession the steps of: lowering of the fixed or rotating structure (C)onto said carriage (A); release of the reel that has run out or isdefective from the respective spindle (9) and its constraint on thefixed spindle (6); raising of the fixed or rotating structure (C) anddisplacement of the carriage (A) into said change-of-reel position.